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LTE from A-Z
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Technology and Concepts of
the 4G 3GPP Standard
Table of Content
Principles and Motivation of LTE............................................1
1.1 Mobile Radio: Comparison between 3G and 4G..................2
1.1.1 Performance and Mobility Management related Issues..............2
1.1.2 Architecture related Issues..........................................................4
1.1.3 Procedure and Radio related Issues...........................................6
1.2 Requirements on LTE............................................................8
1.2.1 General Requirements................................................................8
1.2.1.1 Support of Enhanced Quadruple Play Services............................10
1.2.1.2 Very High Data Rates @ flexible bandwidth deployment ((1.25) 5 –
20 MHz).....................................................................................................10
1.2.1.3 AIPN and PS services only............................................................10
1.2.2 Important Characteristics of LTE Physical Layer.......................12
1.2.2.1 General Physical Layer Characteristics.........................................12
1.2.2.1.1 OFDM ..................................................................................12
1.2.2.1.2 Scalable Bandwidth..............................................................13
1.2.2.1.3 Smart Antenna Technology..................................................14
1.2.2.1.4 Fast scheduling and AMC.....................................................14
1.2.2.1.5 No Soft(er) handover............................................................14
1.2.3.2 OFDM/OFDMA..............................................................................16
1.2.3.2.1 Traditional narrowband communication................................16
1.2.3.2.2 Problems for wideband signals.............................................17
1.2.3.2.3 OFDM...................................................................................17
1.2.3.2.4 OFDM and OFDMA..............................................................17
1.2.3.2.5 LTE and OFDM.....................................................................17
1.2.3.3 Smart Antenna Technology in LTE................................................18
1.2.3.3.1 Categorization of Smart Antenna Technologies...................18
1.2.3.3.1.1 SISO.............................................................................18
1.2.3.3.1.2 SIMO............................................................................18
1.2.3.3.1.3 MISO............................................................................19
1.2.3.3.1.4 MIMO...........................................................................19
1.2.3.3.2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)..................................20
1.2.3.3.2.1 Multiple carrier technology...........................................21
1.2.3.3.2.2 MIMO...........................................................................21
1.2.3.3.3 Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS)........................................22
1.2.3.3.3.1 Signal generation.........................................................23
1.2.3.3.3.2 Constructive superimposition at the intended receiver 23
1.2.3.3.3.3 Destructive superimposition at the not intended receiver
.......................................................................................................23
1.2.3.3.3.4 Generation of signals for multiple UE’s........................23
1.2.3.4 Macro Diversity exploitation by SFN..............................................24
1.2.3.4.1 Requirements for MBMS services........................................24
1.2.3.4.2 MBMS operation with a SFN.................................................24
1.2.3.4.3 SFN for point to point services..............................................25
1.2.3.5 The Frequency Bands Intended for LTE.......................................26
1.2.3.5.1 Exclusive usage....................................................................27
1.2.3.5.2 Refarming.............................................................................27
1.2.3.5.3 Licensed operation................................................................27
1.2.3.5.4 Unlicensed operation............................................................27
1.2.3.6 Flexible Bandwidths, Parameters..................................................28