The frame transmission rate is limited to a maximum of 10 frames per second; therefore, the impact of OAM on normal operations is negligible.
a) Destination Address (DA). The DA in OAMPDUs is the Slow_Protocols_Multicast address. 0x0180-C200-0002慢速协议报文的特点就是不能被网桥转发,因此无论是否具备OAM功能或OAM功能是否激活,EFM OAM报文都不能跨多跳转发
b) Source Address (SA). The SA in OAMPDUs carries the individual MAC address associated with
the port through which the OAMPDU is transmitted.
c) Length/Type. 0x8809
d) Subtype. The Subtype field identifies the specific Slow Protocol being encapsulated. OAMPDUs carry the Subtype value 0x03.
e) Flags. The Flags field contains status bits.
Additional diagnostic information may be sent using the Event Notification OAMPDU.
主要的Flag:
--2 Critical Event
----1 = A critical event has occurred.
----0 = A critical event has not occurred.
--1 Dying Gasp
----1 = An unrecoverable local failure condition has occurred.
----0 = An unrecoverable local failure condition has not occurred.
--0 Link Fault
The PHY has detected a fault has occurred in the receive direction of the local DTE (e.g., link, Physical layer).
----1 = Local device's receive path has detected a fault.
----0 = Local device's receive path has not detected a fault.
f) Code.
The Code field identifies the specific OAMPDU.
--0x00Information OAMPDU
信息OAMPDU,也称为心跳报文
用于在本端与远端的OAM实体之间交互各种状态信息(包括本地信息TLV、远端信息TLV和组织自定义信息TLV)
--0x04
Loopback Control OAMPDU
环回控制OAMPDU
用于检测链路质量和定位链路故障,该报文中带有使能/去使能信息,用来开启/关闭远端环回功能
Command Description
0x01 Enable OAM Remote Loopback
0x02 Disable OAM Remote Loopback
0x00,0x03-0xFF Reserved Shall not be transmitted, should be ignored on reception by OAM client
g) Data/Pad.
This field contains the OAMPDU data and any necessary pad. Implementations shall support OAMPDUs at least minFrameSize in length.
h) FCS.
This field is the Frame Check Sequence
以太网OAM功能建立在以太网OAM连接的基础上。
以太网OAM连接的建立过程也称为Discovery阶段,即本端OAM实体发现远端OAM实体、并与之建立稳定对话的过程。
在这个过程中,相连的OAM实体通过交互Information OAMPDU通报各自的以太网OAM配置信息和本端支持的以太网OAM能力信息。当OAM实体收到对端的配置参数后,决定是否建立OAM连接。
交互以下的配置信息:
• OAM mode
The mode can be either active or passive and can be used to determine device functionality.
以太网OAM的连接模式有两种:主动模式和被动模式;
以太网OAM连接只能由主动模式的OAM实体发起,而被动模式的OAM实体只能等待对端OAM实体的连接请求;
都处于被动模式下的两个OAM实体之间无法建立以太网OAM连接。
• OAM configuration (capabilities)
Advertises the capabilities of the local OAM entity. With this information a peer can determine, what functions are supported and accessible; for example, loopback capability.
• OAMPDU configuration
Includes the maximum OAMPDU size for receipt and delivery. This information along with the rate limiting of 10 frames per second can be used to limit the bandwidth allocated to OAM traffic.
• Platform identity
A combination of an organization unique identifier (OUI) and 32-bits of vendor-specific information. OUI allocation, controlled by the IEEE, is typically the first three bytes of a MAC address.
2)故障侦测和告警:通过发送检测报文来探测链路的连通性,当链路出现故障时及时通知网络管理员;
链路监控用于在各种环境下检测和发现链路层故障,通过Event Notification OAMPDU来监控链路。
当一端OAM实体监控到一般链路事件时,将向其对端发送Event Notification OAMPDU以进行通报。
• Link Event TLVs
主要有以下4种Event Type.
-0x01 错误信号事件(Errored Symbol Period Event):单位时间内的错误信号数量超过定义的阈值
Counts the number of symbol errors that occurred during the specified period. The period is specified by the number of symbols that can be received in a time interval on the underlying physical layer.
==============================================
Default / lower bound / upper bound
Window Size number of symbols that can be received in 1 second / in 1 second / in 1 minute
Threshold 1 symbol error / 0 symbol error / unspecified
==============================================
--0x02 错误帧事件(Errored Frame Event):单位时间内的错误帧数量超过定义的阈值
Counts the number of errored frames detected during the specified period. The period is specified by a time interval.
==============================================
Default / lower bound / upper bound
Window Size: 1 second / 1 second / 1 minute
Threshold: 1 frame error / 0 frame error / unspecified
==============================================
--0x03 错误帧周期事件(Errored Frame Period Event):指定帧数N为周期,在收到N个帧的周期内错误帧数超过定义的阈值
Counts the number of errored frames detected during the specified period. The period is specified by a number of received frames.
==============================================
Default / lower bound / upper bound
Window Size: number of minFrameSize frames that can be received in 1 second / 100ms / 1 minute
Threshold: 1 frame error / 0 frame error / unspecified
==============================================
--0x04 错误帧秒数事件(Errored Frame Seconds Event):指定M秒数下有错误帧的秒数超过了定义的阈值
Counts the number of errored frame seconds that occurred during the specified period. The period is specified by a time interval.
==============================================
Default / lower bound / upper bound
Window Size: 60 seconds / 10 seconds / 900 seconds
Threshold: 1 errored second / 0 errored seconds / unspecified
==============================================
• 维护点(Maintenance Point:MP)
维护点(MP)配置在端口上,属于某个维护集,可分为维护端点(MEP)和维护中间点(MIP)两种。
1) MEP: Maintenance association End Point
维护端点以称为MEP ID的整数(range 1 - 8191)来标识,在同一个MA中它是唯一的。
它确定了维护域的范围和边界。维护端点所属的维护集和维护域确定了该维护端点所发出报文的VLAN属性和级别。
维护端点的级别决定了其所能处理的报文的级别,维护端点所发出报文的级别就是该维护端点的级别。
当维护端点收到高于自己级别的报文时,会将其按原有路径继续转发;而当维护端点收到小于或等于自己级别的报文时不会再转发,以确保低级别维护域内的报文不会扩散到高级别维护域中。
维护端点具有方向性,分为外向(DOWN)维护端点和内向(UP)维护端点两种。
维护端点的方向表明了维护域相对于该端口的位置。其中,外向维护端点通过其所在端口向外发送报文,内向维护端点则不通过其所在端口向外发送报文,而是通过该设备上的其它端口向外发送报文。
2)MIP: Maintenance association Intermediate Point
维护中间点位于维护域内部,不能主动发出CFM协议报文,但可以响应LBM和LTM报文。
维护中间点所属的维护集和维护域确定了该维护中间点所接收报文的VLAN属性和级别。
维护中间点可以配合维护端点完成类似于ping和tracert的功能。与维护端点类似,当维护中间点收到高于自己级别的报文时,不会进行处理,而是将其按原有路径转发;而当维护中间点收到小于等于自己级别的报文时,才会进行处理。
维护中间点是根据一定的规则,由系统在每个端口上计算出来的。用户应根据网络规划的情况,选择合适的生成规则。
缺省情况下,设备上不配置维护中间点。
如果在该维护域内的所有端口上都规划有维护中间点,则应选择default规则。
如果仅在低层维护域有维护端点时规划维护中间点,则应选择explicit规则。
维护端点列表是同一维护集内允许配置的本地维护端点和需要监控的远端维护端点的集合,它限定了维护集内维护端点的选取范围:不同设备上同一维护集内的所有维护端点都应包含在此列表中,且MEP ID互不重复。如果维护端点收到远端设备发来的CCM报文携带的维护端点不在同一维护集的维护端点列表中,就丢弃该报文。
MEPs may monitor either all frames or a set of VLANs. You may configure a virtual switch as either VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware to recognize or not recognize VLAN tagged frames or packets when they are delivered from another virtual switch in the network.
• VLAN-Aware
Maintenance Entities, such as MAs and MEPs, monitor a VLAN or set of VLANs that are associated with a Primary VLAN ID. These Maintenance Entities protect only the VLAN or set of VLANs to which
they are associated.
• VLAN-Unaware
Maintenance Entities, such as MAs and MEPs, monitor all data frames passing through a port, regardless of using VLANs. If the Maintenance Entity is VLAN-Unaware, do not specify the VLAN parameter in the configuration commands.
e)Varies with value of OpCode
--Sequence number:序列号,初始值为一个随机值,以后维护端点每发送一个CCM PDU,该字段的取值就会加1
--Loopback transaction ID/LTR/LTM transaction ID:处理编号,初始值为0,以后维护端点每发送一个LBR/LBM/LTR/LTM PDU,该字段的取值就会加1